What Is a VIN Number?
A VIN number is the unique 17-character code that identifies your vehicle. Learn what each character means, where to find your VIN, and how to decode it free with VinSpecs.
A VIN number (Vehicle Identification Number) is the unique 17-character code assigned to every vehicle built since 1981. It encodes the country and manufacturer, the model year, engine, body style, assembly plant and a serial number, a permanent fingerprint that never changes for the life of the car. You can decode any VIN number for free on VinSpecs to reveal the vehicle's full factory specifications and open safety recalls.
Where Is the VIN Number Located?
- Driver-side dashboard, visible through the windshield
- Driver-side door jamb sticker (open the door and look at the frame)
- Vehicle title, registration and insurance documents
- Engine bay firewall or the spare-tire well on some vehicles
How to Read a VIN Number (17 Characters)
Every VIN number is divided into three sections. Positions 1–3 are the World Manufacturer Identifier (country + maker). Positions 4–8 are the Vehicle Descriptor Section (model, body style, engine, restraints). Position 9 is a check digit that validates the whole VIN. Position 10 is the model year, position 11 is the assembly plant, and positions 12–17 are the unique serial number.
Why a VIN Number Never Contains I, O or Q
By federal standard (49 CFR 565), the letters I, O and Q are excluded from every VIN number so they can't be confused with the numerals 1 and 0. If you think you see one of these letters, it is a 1 or a 0.
VIN Number vs. License Plate
A license plate is issued by the state and can be transferred or reassigned. A VIN number is assigned by the manufacturer and stays with the vehicle permanently, which is why a VIN, not a plate, is the reliable way to check a car's specifications and history.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a VIN number?
A VIN number is the unique 17-character Vehicle Identification Number assigned to every car built since 1981. It encodes the manufacturer, model year, engine, body style, plant and serial number.
How many digits are in a VIN number?
A VIN number has exactly 17 characters, a mix of letters and numbers, never including I, O or Q.
Where do I find my VIN number?
Look at the driver-side dashboard through the windshield, the driver-side door jamb sticker, or your vehicle title, registration and insurance card.
Can I look up a VIN number for free?
Yes. Enter the 17-character VIN number into the free decoder on VinSpecs to instantly see the vehicle's specifications and open recalls, no signup required.
Data sources: NHTSA vPIC (DecodeVinValues).